Pile



G. yR. HECKLE.

PILE,

FILED DEC 916.

Patented Aug. 10, 1920.

I I* d i@ f r l @fare/70W |.Ill I II III l V1 WUI/7655 UNITED ls'mcrlas PATENT oFFplcE.

GEORGE R. HEGKLE, OF MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

PILE.

Specification of Iletters Patent. Patented Allg. 10, 1920.

Application filed December 7,' 1916. Serial No. 135,695.

-and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention has for its object to drive a comparatively trail pile casing having a relatively solid point, by the usual impacts, of a hammer for instance.; such impacts being partially directed to the point and partially translated into a uniformly progressive yielding Jforce transmitted to the pile case. A further object ot' the invention is to provide a pile of low cost and high com pressive resistance. l

The invention may be said briefly to consist of a driving pile including the foundational pile proper, the pile proper to remain in the earth, and an apparatus through which it is driven, the pile consisting of a duplex head the members of which are respectively a solid cap and an ammlus spaced and connected by adjustable means so that the impacts on the one part will be translated and transmitted to the other either by uniform progressive force, or by direct connection through which theintermittent impacts of the hammer may be transmitted from one member tothe other. rllhe comparatively frail hollow case has one member ot' the duplex head bearing thereon and the opposite end bears upon a solid point and a driving core effecting a direct rigid connection between the cap member of the head and the point whereby the impacts ot' the hammer upon the duplex head are transmitted directly to the point. The members of the duplex head are connected together and to the driving core by suitable means to permit them to be lifted trom the hole after the point and case have been driven such point and case being preferably lett in the earth. and the latter when lett in the earth is tinally charged with a filler which may be concrete, sand. rubble` or other material to meet the requirements of the work. If desired. however. the lase it not lett in the earth may be made ot other material than concrete, within the spirit. ot my invention.

For full comprehension, however, of: my invention reference must be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which similarreferencel characters indicate the same parts, and wherein Figure l is a vertical sectional view taken diametrically through the p'ile and apparatus for driving the same, on line 1 1 Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 2-2 Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 3*-3 Figui;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a driven pile partly broken away for purposes of illustral tion; and` Figs. 5 and G are details drawn to an enlarged scale and illustrating particularly the adjustable yielding means effecting connection between the members of the duplex head. l

The members ofthe duplex head are indicated at 7; and c respectively7 the section of the hollow shaft at and the point at c. In order to prevent shattering of the concrete hollow sha tt while being caused to follow the.

'head ot which is indicated at y. The linderside ot the 1ap has a central recess or seat h to receive the upper end ot the core which is reinforced b v a cap or head ot extra toughness relatively to the material of the core. in. order to withstand the impacts. This cap may be connected to the core by rivets I/ or any other suitable means; and surroumling this seat are preferably four uniformly circumterentially spaced seats rThe part c. ot' the duplex head. is of annular torm and -channel cross-section to present a circumferential recess or seat 7c for the up* per end ot the hollow case or the upper end ot its top-most section it it is of sectional form as illustrated. The opening through this annular member is slightly larger than theA core to provide play and prevent binding of the annulus upon the core. A packing m of rope or hemp or other similar cushioning material is first inserted into the seat 1 in order to cushion the bearing of the anniilus on the shaft section. The top of this annular head member is provided with posts or standards n corresponding in number and located in juxtaposition with the seats j, these posts being screw-threaded and having a screw-threaded sleeve o screwed thereon. The tops of the sleeves carry helical springs p o f substantially the same diameter as the sleeve and the posts. Sleeves and springs aie-of such relative length that when the sleeves are i screwed down to the bottom of the posts the syrin s will follow and their up )er ends l g l will sink beneath the tops of the posts. This form of yielding connection between the members of the vhead enable `my improved pile-driver to be used in connection with.

either frangible shaft sections such as concrete which has a tendency to shatter when driven by intermittent impacts, or comparatively'infrangible sections such as metal.

reinforced or cased concrete members or wooden or other relatively infrangible material. The joint between the different secs tions of this shaft and between the lower- .most 'section and the solid point consists of maleI and female ends g and r respectively such` as usually employed for'the union between drain-pipes, culverts and conduit or -other similar sections.l

The solidpoint consists of aniinverted cone of thin, steel sheeting s with a solid apex t and a base of slightly greater diamevter than either the shaft or the duplex head vand formed with a sold central anvil u encircled by a Aseat o for the lower end of the shaft, the anvilbeing adapted to support the lowerend of the driving core. This point is reinforced by reinforcing steel bars or mesh indicated at w.

In order to adapt the hollow shaft when left inthe ground to hold sand or r other l'oose materialthe pressure Vor impacts upon,

which causes it to exert lateral strains upon the 'confiningshelh I line each section with reinforcing'm'esh, expanded metal or the like, indicated at m.

'It is my practice to, after a pile, constructed according tomy invention, has been driven, withdraw the core and the du` ple'x head, and to facilitate this I cast the annular member at diametrically opposite sides with a pair of lugs g/ which carry a clevis a; and the corresponding sides of the cap Z) and the head of the core are cast with similar lugs i while a loop a. of wire-rope or rope of any suitable material, is looped when the steam hammer is displaced and the cap is lifted the annulus and core will go with it.

O perdition.

In the operation of driving a frangible pile according to my invention several sections, sufficient for acomplete pile if not too long, .areA fitted together and coupled and having the duplex head fitted thereon, the yielding connection is adjusted to cause the springs j) to project above the posts n sufficiently to cause the pressure of the cap member I) to be exerted on the annular member, resting on the frangible sections, through thelsprings. The sleeves are adjusted along the vposts to take up any play between the members of the head. IVhen the steam hammer is started its impacts are eX- erted on the wooden block gand transmitted therefrom to the point c by means of the'cast-iron structure ofthe cap and the core. Simultaneously a certain portion of the intermittent impacts are absorbed by theI springs p and translated into a continuous pressure which, supplemented by the weight of the anniilus has the effect of causing the hollow shaft to follow the point.

Then it is desired to drive vmore lrigid pile-bodies or the frangible sections through relatively soft material the sleeves o'are screwed down upon the posts n until the tops of the springs are beneath the .tops of the latter. In the driving of a relatively infrangible shaft the effect is the saine in the shaft sections as in the point through the driving core, with the advantage`that the driving force is distributed -throii ghout practically tlie-entire surface of the point.

An important advantage of the duplex head is that different resistances encountered may be met by driving force adjusted to meet the specific resistance. For instance, in

the event of a pile being driven first through, say, a material offering comparatively little resistance, the tension of the springs will be reduced to the required degree by lowering the sleeves on the ports and when a material offering greater resistance is encountered the sleeves should be raised. In this manner any resistance within reasonable limits may be taken care of. v

The construction above described providing as it does a sectional hollow pile, is adapted to be filled with any suitable filler after having been driven; and the metallic point with its permanently connected reinforced concrete body obviates the necessity of the steel shells usually employed with similar pile bodies; while the duplex driving head with the adjustable yielding resistance contained therein for causing the pile body to progress uniformly under the intermittent impacts .of vthe hammer, has the advantageous e'ect of permitting the solid point with frangible bodies to be sunk when otherwise there would be danger of the pile body being shattered by the -blows of the hammer. This latter advantage is due tothe fact that the rapid vibrations or impacts of the hammer have no direct solid conductor leading to these frangible shaft sections but the successive shocks are absorbed by the springs p and the acciimiilating forceis demonstrated in a practically uniform forward movement having a strength commensurate with the aggregate.

tension of the shock-absorbing springs.

In carrying on this operation if it is found that with the number of shaft sections accommodated by the driving core, the pile does not meet the resistance required for the load it is to carry, then the head and core are withdrawn and the driving element is increased in length sufficiently to meet the requirements. This may be done either by adding core sections to the core and supplemental shaft sections, or the driven core sections may beI charged with the filler and the shaft sections supplemented by others the driving operations being then continued with the impacts delivered through the lsame whether the shaft is made of concrete or conl sists of a metal case or other similar device for the purpose of giving form to the material'of the pile. provided the power is transmitted in a manner-to prevent the direct impacts of the hammer from reaching the shaft but are translated into progressive pressure. Another advantage attendant upon the use of my invention is that the driving force is distributed between the point and the shaft in accordance with the resistance encountered in the process of driving, in other Words,I if the resistance is greater at the point the greater part of the driving force is absorbed there, whereas if the resistance is relatively greater on the shaft the larger portion of the force is distributed to the shaft but owing to thel fact that the impact is translated into a progressive pressure the relatively frail shaft overcomes this Without damage. This effect is obtained Whether the shaft is of a fragile nature or otherwise- What I claim is as follows:-

1.. A pile driving apparatus consisting V'of an infrangible point, a hollow shaft, a

removable core within theshaft and bearing upon .the point andof greater height than the shaft, a head on the top of the core, and resilient means eifecting a connection between the head, and shaft whereby the driving impact is in part transmitted to the core and in part translated into a progressiie pressure upon the shaft.

2. A pile driving apparatus consisting of a point, a hollow'shaft7 a removable core within the shaft and bearing upon the point and of greater height than the shaft, a duplex head one member of which is in driving relation with the hollow shaft and the other member in driving ielationwith the core, and resilient means effecting a connection between the members of the head whereby the driving impact is in part transmitted through one member of the duplex head to the core and in pait translated into a' progressive pressure upon the shaft.

The combination with a pile consisting of a point and a hollow frail shaft; of a removable core within the shaft and, bean ing upon the point, a duplex head for receiving the driving impact and comprising a pair of members one of which is distinct from and connected to the shaft and the other distinct from and connected tothe core. and means effecting a resilient connection between the members of the head to translate a portion of the driving impact into a progressive uniform pressure upon the shaft.

4. A pile driving apparatus consisting of an infrangible point` a sectional hollow shaft, a removable core within the shaft and bearing upon the point and of greater height than the shaft, a duplex head one member of which is cairied upon the top of the-hollow shaft and the other member on the top of the core, and resilient means effecting a connection between the members of the head whereby7 the driving impact is in pant transmitted through the one member of th duplex head to the 'core and in part translated into a progressive pressure upon the shaft.

, 5. The combination with a pile consisting of an infrangible point and a sectional hollow fragile shaft; of a removable core within the shaft and bearing upon the point, a duplex head for receiving the driving -impact and comprising a pair of members one of which is distinct from and'connected to the shaft andthe other distinct from and connected to the core, and means effecting a resilient connection between the members of the head to translate a portion of the driving impact into a progressive uniform pressure upon the shaft.

6. An apparatus for driving a pile consisting of a comparatively infrangible point, a relatively frangible hollow body, of a duplex head comprising a solid metal capl and an anniilus relatively spaced and united by a series of posts carried by the annulus,

a series of springs encircling. the posts, adjustable spring supports for adjusting'theheight of the springs with relation to the posts, the annulus being adapted to exert v pressure upon the hollow shaft, and a core having .the cap upon its upper#y end and its lower end resting upon the point.

7. An apparatus for driving a pile consisting of a comparatively infrangible point the base of which presents an anvil surface, a relatively fran'gible hollow body, a dupleX head comprisinga solid metal cap and an annulus relatively spaced and united by a series of posts carried by the annulus,

'a series of springs encircling the posts, ad-

. head comprising-a solid metal cap and an annulus relatively spaced and united by a series of posts carried by the annulus, a series of springs encircling the posts, ad- 'ustable spring supports for adjusting theT lieight of the springs yto the posts with ref' lat-ionvto the posts, the annulus being adapted to exert pressure upon`the hollow shaft and a core having the cap upon its upper44 9. An apparatus for driving a pile con-A sisting'of a comparatively infrangible point the base of which presents an anvil surface, a relatively frangible hollow body, a duplex head comprising a solidmetal cap and an annulus relatively spaced and united by a series of posts carried by the annulus, a series of springs encircling the posts, adjustable 'spring supports for adjusting the height of the springs with relation to the posts, the annulus being adapted to exert pressure upon the hollow shaft; and a core having the cap upon its upper end and its lower end resting upon the said anvil surface, the seat between the annulusand shaft being cushioned, lugs upon the sides of the members of the head and loops connecting the lugs of one member to the lugs of the other to facilitate withdrawal ofthe annulus withl the cap and'core.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification of two witnesses: 4

' GEORGE R. HECKLE.

Witnesses :l

WiLLIAM J. C. HEwETsoN, C. J. E. CHARBONNEAU.

in the presence 

